Factors associated with periodontal diseases in pregnancy: Findings of the 2015 Pelotas Birth Cohort Study.

Although periodontal disease is common during pregnancy, little is known about socioeconomic, behavioral, or biological determinants related to clinically assessed periodontal condition during this period. We assessed the prevalence of periodontal disease and associated factors in pregnant women. This population-based survey used data used from the 2015 Pelotas Birth Cohort Study, Brazil. Pregnant women expected to give birth between December 2014 and May 2016 were interviewed and clinically examined by trained dentist, with periodontal measures collected in all teeth, six sites per tooth. Outcomes were periodontitis (using the 2012 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the American Academy of Periodontology criteria) and gingivitis (by the 2018 European Federation of Periodontology/ American Academy of Periodontology classification). Multivariate hierarchical Poisson regression was used to assess the associations between socioeconomic, systemic, and clinical oral factors and periodontal disease. A total of 2,474 pregnant women participated in the study. Prevalence of periodontitis and gingivitis was 14.63% and 21.67%, respectively. Lower educational level and calculus were associated with higher prevalence periodontitis and gingivitis (P<0.05). Smoking was also associated with periodontitis (P=0.05), and lower frequency of toothbrushing (P=0.005) with gingivitis. Periodontal disease, especially gingivitis, was prevalent in pregnant women and their determinants were socioeconomic, environmental, and clinical oral health factors.

Factors associated with periodontal diseases in pregnancy: Findings of the 2015 Pelotas Birth Cohort Study

Abstract Although periodontal disease is common during pregnancy, little is known about socioeconomic, behavioral, or biological determinants related to clinically assessed periodontal condition during this period. We assessed the prevalence of periodontal disease and associated factors in pregnant women. This population-based survey used data used from the 2015 Pelotas Birth Cohort Study, Brazil. Pregnant women expected to give birth between December 2014 and May 2016 were interviewed and clinically examined by trained dentist, with periodontal measures collected in all teeth, six sites per tooth. Outcomes were periodontitis (using the 2012 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the American Academy of Periodontology criteria) and gingivitis (by the 2018 European Federation of Periodontology/ American Academy of Periodontology classification). Multivariate hierarchical Poisson regression was used to assess the associations between socioeconomic, systemic, and clinical oral factors and periodontal disease. A total of 2,474 pregnant women participated in the study. Prevalence of periodontitis and gingivitis was 14.63% and 21.67%, respectively. Lower educational level and calculus were associated with higher prevalence periodontitis and gingivitis (P<0.05). Smoking was also associated with periodontitis (P=0.05), and lower frequency of toothbrushing (P=0.005) with gingivitis. Periodontal disease, especially gingivitis, was prevalent in pregnant women and their determinants were socioeconomic, environmental, and clinical oral health factors.

Analysis of dentistry content on Instagram®and the use of social networks by Brazilian dental students

Aim: The aim of our study was to analyze the content related to dentistry published on Instagram® and to investigate the students' profiles related to the use of social networks in a sample from a Dentistry School. Methods: This study was carried out in two stages. First, research was conducted to analyze content published on Instagram® related to dentistry. The second part investigated the profiles of students' from a dental school in relation to the use of social networks through a questionnaire. A descriptive analysis was performed and associations between the variables were tested using Fisher's exact test. Results: We found a diversified and large amount of content related to dentistry published on Instagram®, and publications that involved advertising were more prevalent in our study. There are also many publications that are violating the Code of Dental Ethics. In addition, in the second part of our study, we observed an enormous use of social networks by dental students (98.4%). Conclusions: As a result, we believe that it is important to update professionals about the ethical infractions related to social networks which could be approached during graduate courses in universities. Finally, the analyzed social network seems to be an interesting alternative for disseminating health information in order to dialogue with greater proximity to the large number of users who participate in it

Pandemia de COVID-19 no Brasil: quais as repercussões no comportamento, qualidade do sono, uso de telas e alimentação de crianças? / COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil: what are the impactson child behavior, sleep quality, screen time and diet?

Objetivo: Descrever as possíveis repercussões que o distan-ciamento social e pandemia de COVID-19 promoveram no comportamento, qualidade do sono, uso de telas e alimentação de crianças brasileiras de 0 a 12 anos. Materiais e Métodos: Este estudo observacional descritivo foi realizado através de um questionário on-line autoaplicado direcionado aos pais, cuidadores ou responsáveis legais de crianças de 0-12 anos. O questionário foi aplicado entre 19 de agosto de 2020 a 19 de setembro de 2020, em dois grupos, um composto por usuários de serviços de saúde e outro pela população em geral. Os da-dos foram analisados descritivamente, considerando α=5%. Resultados: Compuseram a amostra final 271 respondentes. Segundo os cuidadores, 59,4% das crianças tiveram alterações de comportamento e 48% reportou ou demonstrou medo da COVID-19. Além disso, melhora na qualidade do sono foi reportada de forma importante para crianças de até 2 anos e, 33,3% dos cuidadores em ambos os grupos reportaram piora em qualidade do sono entre 9 e 12 anos. Aumento do uso de telas ocorreu para 85% das crianças. O consumo de alimentos considerados saudáveis se manteve igual para grande parte das crianças e o consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados aumentou para mais de 40% das crianças, principalmente entre 3 e 5 anos e 9 e 12 anos de idade. Discussão: Os resultados encontrados devem ser fonte de atenção a fim de garantir o adequado desenvolvimento infantil após um período de pandemia. Conclusão: O distancia-mento social provocado pela pandemia de COVID-19 promoveu repercussões importantes na rotina das crianças avaliadas, impactando negativamente seu comportamento, alimentação e uso de telas. Ainda, a qualidade do sono de crianças maiores foi impactada negativamente, apesar de ter sido observada melhora na qualidade do sono de crianças mais jovens.

Aim: To describe the potential consequences of social distancing and the COVID-19 pandemic on the behavior, sleep quality, screen time, and diet of Brazilian chil-dren aged 0 to 12 years. Materials and methods: This descriptive observational study was conducted using a self-administered online questionnaire distributed to parents, caregivers or guardians of children aged 0-12 years. The same questionnaire was distributed to two groups between August 19, 2020 and September 19, 2020. Users of Pelotas Public Health Services made up one group, while the general Brazilian population made up the other. The data was analyzed descriptively considering α=5%. Results: The total sample consisted of 271 respondents. According to caregivers, 59.4% of children showed behavioral changes and 48% reported or demonstrated COVID-19 fear. Moreover, improve-ment in sleep quality was reported for children up to 2 years, and 33.3% of caregivers in both groups reported a decline in sleep quality among children aged 9 to 12. Eighty-five percent of children increased their screen time. The intake of healthy foods remained the same for most of the children, but the intake of ultra-processed food increased for over 40% of them, primarily between 3 to 5 years old and 9 to 12 years old. Discussion: The results should be a focus of attention in order to maintain proper child development following a pandemic. Conclusion: The social distancing caused by the COVID-19 pandemic had a significant impact on the children's routine, with negative effects on their behavior, diet and screen time. In addition, a decline in sleep quality was observed among older children, while better sleep quality was reported for younger children.

#Dentalpain: what do the brazilian Instagram® users want to mean?

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate what brazilian Instagram® users manifest when they use #dordedente (#dentalpain in portuguese). Methods: The content of 1,000 publications related to dental pain was evaluated. Through print screens posts were collected in two periods (2015 and 2020) and organized into files. Variables related to characteristics of users, publication's type, cause of pain, impact on daily life and actions take to relieve pain were collected. Data analysis was realized through the qualitative methodology of conventional content analysis and a descriptive analysis (95% CI) was performed. Results: In the first assessment period 76% of the posts referred to self-declaration of pain. Regarding to the users' characteristics, 54% were female, 20.4% male, and the remaining 25.6% were clinic/ company profiles, or it was not possible to identify the user's gender. Apparently, 34.4% of users were adults, 18.6% were adolescents and only 1.2% were children. On the other hand, in the second evaluation the vast majority (99.6%) were clinic/company profiles. In addition, 90.2% were informative posts and only 3 posts (0.6%) were related to self-declaration of pain. Conclusions:The social network Instagram® serves as an efficient means of communication for informative and advertising purposes being an interesting alternative for the dissemination of health information, and as an instrument of health surveillance

Accuracy of partial protocol to assess prevalence and factors associated with dental caries in schoolchildren between 8-12 years of age.

The aim of this study was to test accuracy and reliability of a partial protocol (PP) of oral examination involving the permanent first molars. This cross-sectional study was carried out in two stages. First, a cross-sectional study was performed in a representative sample of 1,211 children using DMFT-index in a full-mouth protocol (FM). A PP was simulated from FM data using only data from the permanent first molars. A second part was performed with 202 children examined by a gold standard examiner (FM) and three dentists using the PP to assess its reliability. Accuracy of PP was assessed by sensitivity/specificity/predictive positive and negative values. Inter-examiner reliability in comparison with gold standard examiner was assessed using weighted kappa. The prevalence of dental caries observed using DMFT index was 32.4% and was 30.2% for PP . The PP presented high sensitivity (93.1%; 95%CI: 91.5-94.5), showing similar magnitude of association's measures for all associated factors investigated. When compared with the gold standard FM examination, all examiners obtained high parameters of sensitivity and specificity (around 90%). Predictive negative values were higher than predictive positive values for the examiners. This study showed that this partial protocol involving the permanent first molars is accurate and reliable as a screening tool to assess dental caries prevalence and associated factors in schoolchildren.

Accuracy of partial protocol to assess prevalence and factors associated with dental caries in schoolchildren between 8-12 years of age / Acurácia de um protocolo parcial para avaliar a prevalência da cárie dentária e fatores associados em escolares entre 8 e 12 anos de idade / Precisión del protocolo parcial para evaluar la prevalencia y factores asociados a la caries dental en escolares entre 8 y 12 años de edad

Abstract: The aim of this study was to test accuracy and reliability of a partial protocol (PP) of oral examination involving the permanent first molars. This cross-sectional study was carried out in two stages. First, a cross-sectional study was performed in a representative sample of 1,211 children using DMFT-index in a full-mouth protocol (FM). A PP was simulated from FM data using only data from the permanent first molars. A second part was performed with 202 children examined by a gold standard examiner (FM) and three dentists using the PP to assess its reliability. Accuracy of PP was assessed by sensitivity/specificity/predictive positive and negative values. Inter-examiner reliability in comparison with gold standard examiner was assessed using weighted kappa. The prevalence of dental caries observed using DMFT index was 32.4% and was 30.2% for PP . The PP presented high sensitivity (93.1%; 95%CI: 91.5-94.5), showing similar magnitude of association's measures for all associated factors investigated. When compared with the gold standard FM examination, all examiners obtained high parameters of sensitivity and specificity (around 90%). Predictive negative values were higher than predictive positive values for the examiners. This study showed that this partial protocol involving the permanent first molars is accurate and reliable as a screening tool to assess dental caries prevalence and associated factors in schoolchildren.

Resumo: O estudo teve como objetivo testar a acurácia e a confiabilidade de um protocolo parcial (PP) para exame oral, envolvendo os primeiros molares permanentes. O estudo transversal foi realizado em duas etapas. Primeiro, foi feito um estudo transversal em uma amostra representativa de 1.211 crianças, usando o índice CPOD com um protocolo de boca completa (BC). O PP foi simulado a partir de dados de BC, usando apenas os dados dos primeiros molares permanentes. A segunda etapa foi realizada em 202 crianças examinadas por um examinador de padrão de ouro (BC) e três odontólogos usando o PP para avaliar a confiabilidade do mesmo. A acurácia do PP foi avaliada pela sensibilidade, especificidade e valores preditivos positivos e negativos. A confiabilidade inter- examinador, comparada com o examinador de padrão de ouro, foi avaliada através do índice kappa ponderado. A prevalência de cárie dentária, medida pelo índice CPOD, foi 32,4%, comparado com 30,2% para o PP. O PP apresentou sensibilidade alta (93,1%; IC95%: 91,5-94,5), com magnitude semelhante nas medidas de associação dos fatores investigados. Quando comparados com o exame de BC (padrão de ouro), todos os examinadores obtiveram níveis altos de sensibilidade e especificidade (em torno de 90%). Os valores preditivos negativos foram mais altos do que os valores preditivos positivos para os examinadores. O estudo mostrou que o protocolo parcial envolvendo os primeiros molares permanentes é acurado e confiável enquanto ferramenta de triagem para avaliar a prevalência de cárie dentária e fatores associados em escolares.

Resumen: El objetivo de este estudio fue probar la precisión y fiabilidad de un protocolo parcial (PP) de exámenes orales, incluyendo los primeros molares permanentes. Este estudio transversal se llevó a cabo en dos etapas. En primer lugar, se desarrolló un estudio transversal con una muestra representativa de 1.211 niños, usando el DMFT-index en un protocolo para toda la boca (FM por sus siglas en inglés). El PP se simuló con datos del FM, usando solo información de los primeros molares permanentes. La segunda parte se realizó con 202 niños examinados por un examinador ideal (FM) y tres dentistas, usando el PP para evaluar su fiabilidad. La precisión del PP se evaluaron por sensibilidad/especificidad/valores predictivos positivos y negativos. La fiabilidad interexaminadores, en comparación con el examinador ideal, fue evaluada usando un índice kappa ponderado. La prevalencia de caries dental observada, usando el índice DMFT fue de un 32,4% y un 30,2% respecto al PP. El PP presentó una alta sensibilidad (93,1%; IC95%: 91,5-94,5), mostrando una magnitud similar de medidas de asociación para todos los factores asociados investigados. Cuando se comparó con el estándar ideal de examen para la FM, todos los examinadores obtuvieron parámetros altos de sensibilidad y especificidad (sobre un 90%). Los valores predictivos negativos eran más altos que los valores predictivos positivos para los examinadores. Este estudio mostró que este protocolo parcial, incluyendo los primeros molares permanentes, es preciso y fiable como herramienta de detección para evaluar la prevalencia de caries dental y sus factores asociados en niños con edad escolar.

[Needs for dental prostheses and their use in elderly Brazilians according to the National Oral Health Survey (SBBrazil 2010): prevalence rates and associated factors]. / Uso e necessidade de prótese dentária em idosos brasileiros segundo a Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde Bucal (SBBrasil 2010): prevalências e fatores associados.

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the use of and need for dental prostheses among elderly Brazilians (65-74 years of age) and to verify associated factors. Data were analyzed from 7,496 elderly participants in the National Oral Health Survey in 2010 (SBBrazil 2010). Use of and need for dental prosthesis were the outcomes. The exposure variables included demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, dental services use, and self-rated oral health. Descriptive, bivariate, and multivariate analyses were performed. Prevalence rates for use of and need for dental prostheses were 78.2% and 68.7%, respectively. The Southeast Region had the highest prevalence of use (71.3%) and the greatest need for dental prostheses (82.9%). Multivariate Poisson regression analyses showed greater use of dental prostheses by women, individuals with 5 to 7 years of schooling, and users of private dental services, and lower use by black individuals and those with self-reported need for dental prostheses. Less need for dental prostheses was seen in women and in users of private services, and greater need in those with self-reported need for dental prostheses. Regional differences were seen in the distribution of use and need for dental prostheses. Still, the findings showed high prevalence rates for both outcomes in all regions of Brazil. Socioeconomic and demographic variables and use of dental services influenced the use of and need for dental prostheses.

Uso e necessidade de prótese dentária em idosos brasileiros segundo a Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde Bucal (SBBrasil 2010): prevalências e fatores associados / Needs for dental prostheses and their use in elderly Brazilians according to the National Oral Health Survey (SBBrazil 2010): prevalence rates and associated factors / Uso y necesidad de prótesis dentales en ancianos brasileños, según la Encuesta Nacional de Salud Bucal (SBBrasil 2010): prevalencias y factores asociados

Resumo: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o uso e a necessidade de prótese dentária entre os idosos brasileiros (65-74 anos) e verificar fatores associados. Foram analisados dados de 7.496 idosos participantes do Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde Bucal realizado em 2010 (SBBrasil, 2010). O uso e a necessidade de prótese dentária foram usados como desfechos. As variáveis de exposição incluíram características demográficas, socioeconômicas, de uso de serviços e de autopercepção da saúde bucal. Análises descritiva, bivariada e multivariada foram realizadas. A prevalência de uso e necessidade de prótese dentária foi de 78,2% e 68,7%, respectivamente. A Região Nordeste foi a que apresentou a menor prevalência de uso (71,3%) e a maior de necessidade prótese dentária (82,9%). As análises multivariadas por meio de regressão de Poisson revelaram maior uso de prótese dentária em mulheres, naqueles com 5 a 7 anos de estudos e nos que foram a serviço particular, e houve menor uso em indivíduos pretos e com necessidade autorreferida de prótese dentária. Menor necessidade de prótese dentária foi observada em mulheres e nos usuários de serviço particular, e maior naqueles que autorreferiram necessidade de prótese dentária. Diferenças regionais foram observadas na distribuição do uso e da necessidade de prótese dentária. Ainda assim, os achados revelaram altas prevalências de ambos os desfechos em todas as regiões. Variáveis socioeconômicas, demográficas e de uso de serviços influenciaram a ocorrência de uso e de necessidade de prótese dentária.

Abstract: The objectives of this study were to evaluate the use of and need for dental prostheses among elderly Brazilians (65-74 years of age) and to verify associated factors. Data were analyzed from 7,496 elderly participants in the National Oral Health Survey in 2010 (SBBrazil 2010). Use of and need for dental prosthesis were the outcomes. The exposure variables included demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, dental services use, and self-rated oral health. Descriptive, bivariate, and multivariate analyses were performed. Prevalence rates for use of and need for dental prostheses were 78.2% and 68.7%, respectively. The Southeast Region had the highest prevalence of use (71.3%) and the greatest need for dental prostheses (82.9%). Multivariate Poisson regression analyses showed greater use of dental prostheses by women, individuals with 5 to 7 years of schooling, and users of private dental services, and lower use by black individuals and those with self-reported need for dental prostheses. Less need for dental prostheses was seen in women and in users of private services, and greater need in those with self-reported need for dental prostheses. Regional differences were seen in the distribution of use and need for dental prostheses. Still, the findings showed high prevalence rates for both outcomes in all regions of Brazil. Socioeconomic and demographic variables and use of dental services influenced the use of and need for dental prostheses.

Resumen: El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el uso y la necesidad de prótesis dentales entre los ancianos brasileiros (65-74 años) y verificar sus factores asociados. Se analizaron datos de 7.496 ancianos participantes en la Encuesta Nacional de Salud Bucal, realizada en 2010 (SBBrasil 2010). El uso y la necesidad de prétesis dentales se usaron como resultados. Las variables de exposición incluyeron características demográficas, socioeconómicas, de uso de servicios y de autopercepción de salud bucal. Se realizaron análisis descriptivos, bivariados y multivariados. La prevalencia de uso y necesidad de prótesis dentales fue de un 78,2% y 68,7%, respectivamente. La región nordeste fue la que presentó la menor prevalencia de uso (71,3%) y la mayor de necesidad prótesis dentales (82,9%). Los análisis multivariados, mediante la regresión de Poisson, revelaron un mayor uso de prótesis dentales en mujeres, en aquellos con 5 a 7 años de estudios y en los que fueron a servicios privados, y hubo un menor uso en individuos negros y con necesidad autorreferida de prótesis dentales. Se observó una menor necesidad de prótesis dentales en mujeres y en los usuarios de servicios particulares, y mayor en aquellos que autoinformaron una necesidad de prótesis dentales. Se observaron diferencias regionales en la distribución del uso y necesidad de prótesis dentales. Incluso así, los hallazgos revelaron altas prevalencias de ambos en los resultados en todas las regiones. Variables socioeconómicas, demográficas y de uso de servicios influenciaron la ocurrencia de uso y necesidad de prótesis dentales.

Iniquidades em saúde bucal: escolares beneficiários do Bolsa Família são mais vulneráveis? / Inequalities in oral health: are schoolchildren receiving the Bolsa Família more vulnerable? / Inequidades en salud bucal: escolares beneficiarios de la Beca Familia son más vulnerables?

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association between being a recipient of the Bolsa Família program and oral health conditions in Brazilian schoolchildren.METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 1,107 schoolchildren aged between eight and 12 years from 20 public and private schools in Pelotas, RS, Southern Brazil. A list of all children receiving the Bolsa Família program was provided by the participant schools. Demographic, socioeconomic and oral hygiene information were assessed using a questionnaire completed by the schoolchildren and their parents. Dental exams were performed to assess the presence of dental plaque and prevalence of dental caries. Data were analyzed by Chi-square test, Chi-square test for linear trend and multivariate Poisson Regression (prevalence ratio; 95% confidence interval).RESULTS: Schoolchildren from non-nuclear families, with a DMFT ≥ 1 and who had never visited a dentist were associated with receiving the Bolsa Família. Final model showed that caries prevalence was twice as high (PR 2.00; 95%CI 1.47;2.69) in schoolchildren benefiting from the Bolsa Família . It was also showed that schoolchildren benefiting from the program presented greater severity of dental caries compared to school children from private schools (RR 1.53; 95%CI 1.18;2.00). After final adjustments, the prevalence of schoolchildren who have never visited a dentist was six times higher in children who received the government benefit (PR 6.18; 95%CI 3.07;12.45) compared to those from private schools.CONCLUSIONS: Schoolchildren benefiting from the Bolsa Família program experienced more caries lesions and have less frequently accessed dental care services, which suggest the need to include oral health in the program.

OBJETIVO: Analisar a associação entre ser beneficiário do Programa Bolsa Família e condições de saúde bucal entre escolares.MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal com 1.107 escolares entre oito e 12 anos de idade, provenientes de 20 escolas públicas e particulares da cidade de Pelotas, RS, em 2010. Os beneficiários do Programa Bolsa Família foram verificados por meio de lista fornecida pelas escolas participantes do estudo. Informações demográficas, socioeconômicas, de uso de serviço odontológico e de higiene bucal foram obtidas por meio de questionários respondidos pelos escolares e por seus pais. O exame clínico avaliou a presença de placa dental e experiência de cárie. Os dados foram analisados por meio dos testes do Qui-quadrado e Qui-quadrado de tendência linear e por regressão de Poisson (razão de prevalência; intervalo de confiança de 95%).RESULTADOS: Crianças de família não nuclear, que apresentavam CPOD ≥ 1 e que nunca haviam feito uso de serviço odontológico na vida estiveram associadas ao recebimento do Programa Bolsa Família. O modelo final mostrou que a prevalência de cárie foi duas vezes maior (RP 2,00; IC95% 1,47;2,69) em alunos beneficiários do Programa que também apresentaram maior severidade da doença, quando comparados aos alunos de escolas particulares (RM 1,53; IC95% 1,18;2,00). A prevalência de escolares que nunca haviam ido ao dentista foi mais de seis vezes maior em beneficiários do Programa Bolsa Família (RP 6,18; IC95% 3,07;12,45), em comparação com aqueles das escolas privadas, após ajustes.CONCLUSÕES: Escolares beneficiários do Programa Bolsa Família possuem maior carga de cárie e são os que menos acessam os serviços odontológicos. Esses achados sugerem a necessidade de incorporação da saúde bucal nas condicionalidades do Programa Bolsa Família.

OBJETIVO: Analizar la asociación entre ser beneficiario del Programa Beca Familia y condiciones de salud bucal entre escolares.MÉTODOS: Estudio transversal con 1.107 escolares entre ocho y 12 años de edad, provenientes de 20 escuelas públicas y privadas de la ciudad de Pelotas, RS, Brasil, en 2010. El beneficiario del Programa Beca Familia fue verificado por medio de lista suministrada por las escuelas participantes del estudio. Informaciones demográficas, socioeconómicas, de uso de servicio odontológico y de higiene bucal fueron obtenidas por medio de cuestionarios respondidos por los escolares y por sus padres. El examen clínico evaluó la presencia de placa dental y experiencia de caries. Los datos fueron analizados por medio de las pruebas de Chi-cuadrado y Chi-cuadrado de tendencia linear y por regresión de Poisson (cociente de prevalencia; intervalo de confianza de 95%).RESULTADOS: Niños de familia no nuclear, que presentaban COPD ≥1 y que nunca habían hecho uso de servicio odontológico en la vida estuvieron asociados al recibimiento en el Programa Beca Familia. El modelo final mostró que la prevalencia de caries fue dos veces mayor (RP 2,00; IC95% 1,47;2,69) en alumnos beneficiarios del Programa que también presentaron mayor severidad de la enfermedad, al ser comparados con los alumnos de escuelas privadas (RR 1,53; IC95% 1,18;2,00). La prevalencia de escolares que nunca habían ido al dentista fue más de seis veces mayor en beneficiarios del Programa Beca Familia (RP 6,18; IC95% 3,07;12,45), en comparación con aquellos de escuelas privadas, posterior a los ajustes.CONCLUSIONES: Escolares beneficiarios del Programa Beca Familia poseen mayor carga de caries y son los que menos tienen hacen uso de los servicios odontológicos. Estos resultados sugieren la necesidad de incorporar salud bucal en las condiciones del Programa Beca Familia.

Factors associated with prevalence of oral lesions and oral self-examination in young adults from a birth cohort in Southern Brazil.

The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence and characteristics of oral lesions and oral self-examination and the association between these variables and life course determinants in a young population. A representative sample (n = 720) of all births occurring in Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil, in 1982, was investigated and the outcomes were assessed in 2006. Data regarding exploratory variables was collected from other cohort waves. The prevalence of oral lesions was 23.3% (95%CI: 20.3-26.6). A total of 31% of individuals (95%CI: 27.6-34.4) reported never having performed oral self-examination. Multivariable analysis showed that low socio-economic status at birth, lack of oral hygiene instruction from a dentist up to the age of 15 years and smoking habits at the age of 22 year were associated with the presence of oral lesions. Performing oral self-examination was associated with high levels of maternal schooling at birth and having received oral hygiene orientation from a dentist up to the age of 15 years. Socioeconomic and behavioral factors are associated with both presence of oral mucosal lesions and the habit of performing self-examination.

Factors associated with prevalence of oral lesions and oral self-examination in young adults from a birth cohort in Southern Brazil / Fatores associados à prevalência de lesões bucais e à realização do autoexame bucal em adultos jovens de uma coorte de nascidos vivos do Sul do Brasil / Factores asociados a la prevalencia de lesiones bucales y a la realización del autoexamen bucal en adultos jóvenes de una cohorte de nacidos vivos del sur de Brasil

The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence and characteristics of oral lesions and oral self-examination and the association between these variables and life course determinants in a young population. A representative sample (n = 720) of all births occurring in Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil, in 1982, was investigated and the outcomes were assessed in 2006. Data regarding exploratory variables was collected from other cohort waves. The prevalence of oral lesions was 23.3% (95%CI: 20.3-26.6). A total of 31% of individuals (95%CI: 27.6-34.4) reported never having performed oral self-examination. Multivariable analysis showed that low socio-economic status at birth, lack of oral hygiene instruction from a dentist up to the age of 15 years and smoking habits at the age of 22 year were associated with the presence of oral lesions. Performing oral self-examination was associated with high levels of maternal schooling at birth and having received oral hygiene orientation from a dentist up to the age of 15 years. Socioeconomic and behavioral factors are associated with both presence of oral mucosal lesions and the habit of performing self-examination.

O objetivo foi determinar a prevalência e características de lesões bucais, autoexame bucal e suas associações com determinantes ao longo da vida em uma população de adultos jovens. Uma amostra representativa (n = 720) dos nascidos em Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, em 1982, foi investigada, e a presença de lesões bucais e a realização do autoexame, verificadas aos 24 anos. As variáveis independentes foram obtidas de outros seguimentos dessa coorte. A prevalência de lesões bucais foi de 23,3% (IC95%: 20,3-26,6), e 31% dos indivíduos (IC95%: 27,6-34,4) relataram nunca ter realizado o autoexame da boca. A análise multivariável mostrou que o baixo nível socioeconômico ao nascimento, não ter recebido instrução de higiene oral até os 15 anos de idade e fumar aos 22 anos foram associados à presença de lesões. A realização do autoexame bucal esteve associada à maior escolaridade materna ao nascimento e a ter recebido orientação de higiene bucal pelo dentista aos 15 anos. Fatores socioeconômicos e comportamentais estão associados tanto à presença de lesões bucais quanto à realização do autoexame bucal.

El objetivo fue determinar la prevalencia y características de lesiones bucales, autoexamen bucal, y sus asociaciones con determinantes a lo largo de la vida, en una población de adultos jóvenes. Fue investigada una muestra representativa (n = 720) de los nacidos en Pelotas, Río Grande do Sul, Brasil, 1982, y la presencia de lesiones bucales y realización del autoexamen fueron verificadas a los 24 años. Las variables independientes se obtuvieron de otros seguimientos de esta cohorte. La prevalencia de lesiones bucales fue de un 23,3% (IC95%: 20,3-26,6) y un 31% de los individuos (IC95%: 27,6-34,4) relató no haber realizado nunca el autoexamen de la boca. El análisis multivariable mostró que el bajo nivel socioeconómico en el momento del nacimiento, el no haber recibido instrucción de higiene oral hasta los 15 años de edad, y fumar a los 22 años, se asociaron a la presencia de lesiones. La realización del autoexamen bucal se asoció a una mayor escolaridad materna en el nacimiento y al haber recibido orientación de higiene bucal por el dentista a los 15 años. Factores socioeconómicos y de comportamiento están asociados, tanto la presencia de lesiones bucales, como a la realización del autoexamen bucal.

[Inequalities in oral health: are schoolchildren receiving the Bolsa Família more vulnerable?]. / Iniquidades em saúde bucal: escolares beneficiários do Bolsa Família são mais vulneráveis?

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association between being a recipient of the Bolsa Família program and oral health conditions in Brazilian schoolchildren. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 1,107 schoolchildren aged between eight and 12 years from 20 public and private schools in Pelotas, RS, Southern Brazil. A list of all children receiving the Bolsa Família program was provided by the participant schools. Demographic, socioeconomic and oral hygiene information were assessed using a questionnaire completed by the schoolchildren and their parents. Dental exams were performed to assess the presence of dental plaque and prevalence of dental caries. Data were analyzed by Chi-square test, Chi-square test for linear trend and multivariate Poisson Regression (prevalence ratio; 95% confidence interval). RESULTS: Schoolchildren from non-nuclear families, with a DMFT ≥ 1 and who had never visited a dentist were associated with receiving the Bolsa Família. Final model showed that caries prevalence was twice as high (PR 2.00; 95%CI 1.47;2.69) in schoolchildren benefiting from the Bolsa Família . It was also showed that schoolchildren benefiting from the program presented greater severity of dental caries compared to school children from private schools (RR 1.53; 95%CI 1.18;2.00). After final adjustments, the prevalence of schoolchildren who have never visited a dentist was six times higher in children who received the government benefit (PR 6.18; 95%CI 3.07;12.45) compared to those from private schools. CONCLUSIONS: Schoolchildren benefiting from the Bolsa Família program experienced more caries lesions and have less frequently accessed dental care services, which suggest the need to include oral health in the program.

Ortodontia interceptiva na APS: caso clínico

O dente de um menino de oito anos está nascendo fora de posição e foi necessário tratamento ortodôntico interceptativo.

Avaliação de uma atividade coletiva de escovação dental supervisionada: um ensaio comunitário: estudo piloto

No que se refere à saúde bucal, a cárie vem sendo considerada como o principal problema de saúde pública. É importante motivar a criança, através de informações que possam melhorar seu autocuidado em saúde bucal, juntamente com programas preventivos, a fim de contribuir para a prevenção de cárie e doença periodontal. Este trabalho tem por objetivo avaliar a efetividade de uma ação coletiva de escovação dental supervisionada em alunos da sexta série de três escolas públicas localizadas no território de atuação da Unidade de Saúde Vila Floresta no município de Porto Alegre – RS. A ação coletiva Escovação Dental Supervisionada é um indicador da atenção básica, portanto deve ser realizada pelas equipes de saúde bucal dentro da Estratégia de Saúde da Família. Foi realizado um estudo de intervenção do tipo ensaio comunitário randomizado, sendo a população envolvida alunos da sexta série do ensino fundamental de três escolas públicas pertencentes ao território de atuação da Unidade de Saúde Vila Floresta. Os exames foram realizados por dois dentistas previamente treinados e calibrados.